Edible vaccines are a groundbreaking concept introduced by Charles Arntzen in the 1990s. This innovative approach involves inserting specific genes into plants to enable them to produce targeted proteins, such as antigens that trigger immune responses. The process, called transformation, turns plants into biofactories for vaccines. Unlike traditional vaccines, edible vaccines can be administered orally, eliminating the need for needles. They stimulate immunity directly in the mucosal lining of the digestive tract, making them an attractive option for preventing diseases. This technology has the potential to revolutionize global vaccination strategies, especially in resource-limited regions.